Well, the Jellyfish, Narada, and Enterprise warped away from Earth to get to where they were. Considering that Spock knows better than to endanger the entire Sol system, I think it's logical to assume that he led them outsystem.
Also, consider this. The "black holes" created by the red matter are artificial in nature. There is also on-screen evidence that aforementioned singularities aren't permanently fixed. Example: When the Narada arrives in 2233, the singularity is visible behind the ship. However, when the battle begins in earnest, the singularity is apparently gone, something that is confirmed by the wide shot after the Kelvin's suicide run and the shuttles are escaping the Narada. The singularity is nowhere to be seen in that shot.
However, the singularity that swallowed Vulcan may indeed be permanently fixed. Why? When the Enterprise flies away from the collapsing planet, in Vulcan's place is a dark void through which no stars are visible. Now, this may have just been a goof on the part of ILM, but I don't think so.
Also, I would like to point out to the people who say that "red matter" is the dumbest name for that particular substance. Ever heard of "dark matter"? Same basic principle, except this stuff is visible, and it has a color, so the Vulcans, very logically, named it precisely what it is.
